Pre read - Pre-reading lessons should stimulate students’ curiosity so that there is a desire to read the text. 4. Pre-reading lessons should not reveal information that students could acquire simply by reading the text. 5. Not all pre-reading lessons have to take place before reading. There is a possibility of stopping along the way during the reading ...

 
They still need to be pre-cleared (aka every bit written to 0), but you can probably skip the pre and post read steps to save some time. The first parity drive calculates parity by adding up the same bit across all drives. Adding another 0 to 1 or 0 doesn't change the parity bit. That's why the preclear step is required.. My sistah

BENEFITS OF PRE-READING STRATEGIES Abstract This research study sought to determine if students with disabilities benefit from pre-reading strategies in reading comprehension. Reading is a fundamental skill that supports academic achievement. Using pre-reading strategies will motivate and increase student comprehension. InIn the late 1990s, further research (Pressley, et al. 1998) revealed that despite the abundance of research supporting questioning before, during, and after reading to help comprehension, teachers still favored post-reading comprehension questions. Researchers have also found that when adult readers are asked to "think aloud" as they read, they ...Instead of doing this, prime your audience with the Slidedoc pre-read, tell the story in the presentation, and ultimately drive the point home. When you do, your presentation will resonate that much deeper. And that, Lannon in Malvern, PA is what you should do when you’re asked to present on your pre-read. Illustrated by Alexis Macias.pre-reading strategy also is very advantageous because it provides the students with knowledge that they will use during reading. Lastly, the think aloud pre-reading strategy is the least favorable because students do not interact with each other and the nonexistence of their own questioning affects them. A pre-read, is the process by which a coach gathers your current academic information (transcripts, test scores, class schedule) and presents it to the admissions department in order to get a sense from the Admissions Department of the likelihood that you will be admitted. This helps the college rowing coach determine whether or not to select ... Pre-reading strategies are learning exercises that help a reader to build background information, structure, and context of the book, before actually reading the book. Research shows that how you approach a book is crucial for comprehension, decoding, and an overall successful reading experience. While some readers pick up anything and ...Subject: Re:Pre-Read for Athletics timeline. quote. Anonymous. FYI: Pre-reads are associated with athletic recruits, especially @ D3. Coaches will submit athletes for an admissions pre-read to see if they can make through the academic filters without trouble. My DD has been pursuing d3 schools, but thing have been quiet in the last two weeks.Sep 4, 2023 · Pre-Reading Task #5: Guessing from Pictures. The teacher finds 3 pictures or objects which are connected to the story or reading. The teacher asks how those pictures and images are connected. Finally, students read the text and check if they were right or wrong about the story connections they made. Sep 9, 2022 · Princeton's Pre-read is by Class of 2019 graduate Jordan Salama, whose senior thesis became a celebrated nonfiction book. President Eisgruber selects travelogue infused with ‘deep empathy’ for incoming students to read this summer. The book is based on Salama’s international research while a Princeton undergraduate. Pre-Reading Discussion questions + building context, introducing historical background, opinion questions, vocab, establishing setting, and making predictions. 3. Guided reading with multi-level comprehension questions.4. Text-dependent reader-response questions (post-reading).5. Literature groups and character profiles -- psychology inclusive ... They still need to be pre-cleared (aka every bit written to 0), but you can probably skip the pre and post read steps to save some time. The first parity drive calculates parity by adding up the same bit across all drives. Adding another 0 to 1 or 0 doesn't change the parity bit. That's why the preclear step is required.A Pre-Reading Personality Quiz is perfect for you. Head to #2! Es: You can have it all…with my #1 favorite pre-reading activity: Learning Stations! 1. PRE-READING LEARNING STATIONS. Learning stations are my all-time favorite way to introduce a new novel or text. Stations are engaging, collaborative, student-centered, and kinesthetic!BENEFITS OF PRE-READING STRATEGIES Abstract This research study sought to determine if students with disabilities benefit from pre-reading strategies in reading comprehension. Reading is a fundamental skill that supports academic achievement. Using pre-reading strategies will motivate and increase student comprehension. In Pre-reading lessons should stimulate students’ curiosity so that there is a desire to read the text. 4. Pre-reading lessons should not reveal information that students could acquire simply by reading the text. 5. Not all pre-reading lessons have to take place before reading. There is a possibility of stopping along the way during the reading ...Bad Preread Results. Athletic Recruits. lastmile July 15, 2020, 11:36pm 1. Hi all, I’ve been lurking on CC for a while now and I’m very thankful for all the advice provided by everyone here. It certainly makes the college admission process much easier. DS is a rising senior and plays a non-mainstream sport that he’s SUPER passionate about.This article will describe important pre-reading strategies you can use in your classroom to ensure the success of your readers.They still need to be pre-cleared (aka every bit written to 0), but you can probably skip the pre and post read steps to save some time. The first parity drive calculates parity by adding up the same bit across all drives. Adding another 0 to 1 or 0 doesn't change the parity bit. That's why the preclear step is required.Requiring a pre-read and offering a few days over which to accomplish it guarantees that everyone has an opportunity to fully consider a presentation in advance of the meeting.Athletic Pre-Read/Early Read. My D is a rising senior and is hoping to play a varsity sport in college after her high school graduation. Earlier this past spring, my D started reaching to some D3 coaches at D3 schools that my D thought would be good academic fit. Many of the D3 schools that my D matches well with academically are T30 schools.Jun 19, 2016 · Early Read at Swarthmore. Colleges and Universities A-Z Swarthmore College. AJW June 19, 2016, 4:50pm 1. My D, an athlete, recently received an offer for an “early read” from a Swarthmore coach, followed by “From here we can get a good idea where you might stand and put together an overnight visit for the fall.”. Early Read at Swarthmore. Colleges and Universities A-Z Swarthmore College. AJW June 19, 2016, 4:50pm 1. My D, an athlete, recently received an offer for an “early read” from a Swarthmore coach, followed by “From here we can get a good idea where you might stand and put together an overnight visit for the fall.”.Jun 22, 2015 · The fact that you have received a positive pre read means that you have passed the first stage. You are academically recruitable, and the coach is intrigued enough by your potential to have checked. It’s the first big step, but there are several more to go yet. Also, in the Ivy League, and if I remember correctly the NESCAC, the “pre reads ... By providing pre-reading activities, teachers can help learners become successful readers. Pre-reading activities increase comprehension by activating students' prior knowledge and generating interest in the topic. In our Reading & Discovery category, most lessons begin with a set of Warm-Up Questions and a Vocabulary Preview task.Bad Preread Results. Athletic Recruits. lastmile July 15, 2020, 11:36pm 1. Hi all, I’ve been lurking on CC for a while now and I’m very thankful for all the advice provided by everyone here. It certainly makes the college admission process much easier. DS is a rising senior and plays a non-mainstream sport that he’s SUPER passionate about.Pre-reading lessons should stimulate students’ curiosity so that there is a desire to read the text. 4. Pre-reading lessons should not reveal information that students could acquire simply by reading the text. 5. Not all pre-reading lessons have to take place before reading. There is a possibility of stopping along the way during the reading ... This article will describe important pre-reading strategies you can use in your classroom to ensure the success of your readers.From my understanding, the coaches need to have some pre-reads back by July 1 so that they can give offers on July 1, particularly to the top athletes that may otherwise accept an offer from a competitor. A coach will submit many more pre-reads than the number of offers she plan’s to give. One top NESCAC told my D that the coach is only ...Pre-Reading Stations. Introduce your next novel with learning stations. This cooperative learning activity gets students up, moving, and interested in the book they are about to read. Your students will move through five different pre-reading stations, exploring a different aspect of the text at each station. The stations topics are listed below.Jul 4, 2020 · One of the key guided reading pre-reading activities is sight word practice. We will review previously taught sight words that might appear in the text and introduce new sight words they will find in the text. There are several great ways to practice sight words that are both teacher-friendly and engaging for kids: Use Magna doodle boards for ... Sep 9, 2022 · Princeton's Pre-read is by Class of 2019 graduate Jordan Salama, whose senior thesis became a celebrated nonfiction book. President Eisgruber selects travelogue infused with ‘deep empathy’ for incoming students to read this summer. The book is based on Salama’s international research while a Princeton undergraduate. Pre-reading is the process of skimming a text to locate key ideas before carefully reading a text (or a chapter of a text) from start to finish. Also called previewing or surveying. Pre-reading provides an overview that can increase reading speed and efficiency. Traductions de mot PRE-READ du anglais vers français et exemples d'utilisation de "PRE-READ" dans une phrase avec leurs traductions: pre-read the card for additional services:... pre-: [prefix] earlier than : prior to : before. preparatory or prerequisite to. in advance : beforehand.2022 Pre-read. President Eisgruber's Princeton Pre-read selection for the Class of 2026 is “Every Day the River Changes: Four Weeks Down the Magdalena” by Jordan Salama, a graduate of Princeton’s Class of 2019. The book is based on Salama’s senior thesis, in which he recounts his experiences as he traveled along the Magdalena River in ...I admit that I don’t miss the Exhausted Years … the years I had a preschooler, baby, and toddler all at once. I can’t count how many times I pushed a shopping cart with a baby seat in the cart, a toddler in the front, and preschoolers pulling on my coat. Many shoppers couldn’t resist remarking, “You’ve got your hands full.”.Motivation to read; Concept of print; Pre-reading strategies you can implement in your classroom. Many children will learn some pre-reading skills independently, but most benefit from direct instruction. Studies show that without explicit instruction from teachers or parents, up to 40% of children won't learn basic phonemic awareness skills.Oral Language skills / Vocabulary for Pre Reading. Oral development is crucial to develop pre reading skills. Prior to school the average 5 year child has between 2000 and 2300 expressive (words they can use voluntarily use to express themselves), the average 2/3 year old can use between 200 and 1000 words. in those 2 or 3 years their vocabulary both receptive and expressive expands hugely.Jul 13, 2020 · This helped me understand the needs of each child when they entered my classroom. As children move through the 5 reading stages they need to learn, practice and master multiple reading strategies. This includes using. prior knowledge. predicting. visualising. questioning. comprehension. drawing inferences. The five stages to the reading process are: 1. Pre-reading 2. Reading 3. Responding 4. Exploring 5. Applying Stage 1: Pre-reading Pre-reading is where students prepare themselves to read. They may decide or be told why they're going to read a piece of text. They may use their background knowledge to make predictions of what the text is going to ...This helped me understand the needs of each child when they entered my classroom. As children move through the 5 reading stages they need to learn, practice and master multiple reading strategies. This includes using. prior knowledge. predicting. visualising. questioning. comprehension. drawing inferences.Pre-Reading Stations. Introduce your next novel with learning stations. This cooperative learning activity gets students up, moving, and interested in the book they are about to read. Your students will move through five different pre-reading stations, exploring a different aspect of the text at each station. The stations topics are listed below. Aug 28, 2023 · Sending a pre-read at least 24 hours in advance of a meeting ensures everyone has enough time to think about the topic and make notes. When you send a pre-read, ask that attendees assemble their recommendations based on the content provided in advance, contribute to the meeting agenda, and come to the meeting with questions. Q) A Pre-Read operation failed and I see Pending Sectors on the SMART report. A) Pending Sectors will lead to read errors, and the Pre-Read operation will fail. To force the hard drive firmware to remap those sectors, you have to run a Preclear session with the Skip Pre-Read option checked.Oral Language skills / Vocabulary for Pre Reading. Oral development is crucial to develop pre reading skills. Prior to school the average 5 year child has between 2000 and 2300 expressive (words they can use voluntarily use to express themselves), the average 2/3 year old can use between 200 and 1000 words. in those 2 or 3 years their vocabulary both receptive and expressive expands hugely.Pre-read the material. If you don't understand it at first, read it a second time. If you don't understand it the second time, then just make a note and then DON'T WORRY ABOUT IT UNTIL THE PROFESSOR COVERS IT IN CLASS. Your goal when pre-reading is to familiarize yourself with the concepts and terms, not learn everything ahead of time. That’s because pre-reading skills include the following: Holding the book correctly – Your child will start learning how to read simply by holding the book the right way! Let your child experiment with this skill by letting them handle the book. Turning pages in the right direction – Another pre-reading skill is turning the pages in the ... Alexis Brougher. This bundle includes 2 different pre - reading activities to help students understand the background of The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien. The first activity to all about getting to know who the author is and what the inspiration for this novel is about. It can be completed individually or in groups.Having this meeting six to eight weeks out provides the Chief Human Resource Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, and others the opportunity to raise possible agenda items that may need full board attention. It also provides sufficient preparation time for the agenda and pre-read documents. 3. Approve the Final Meeting AgendaJul 4, 2020 · One of the key guided reading pre-reading activities is sight word practice. We will review previously taught sight words that might appear in the text and introduce new sight words they will find in the text. There are several great ways to practice sight words that are both teacher-friendly and engaging for kids: Use Magna doodle boards for ... Among them, pre-reading methods, compared to those used in during- and post-reading stages, are considered more practical in facilitating students to read (Gee & Rakow, 1987; Grabe, 2004). Similarly, in L2 reading pedagogy, the use of pre-reading activities and materials is one of the areas that have received lots of research effort.pre-+‎ read. Verb . preread (third-person singular simple present prereads, present participle prereading, simple past and past participle preread) To read in advance. Noun . preread (plural prereads) An operation in which data is read in advance of its being needed. Anagrams . redrape, rerapedFeb 3, 2018 · Pre-reads, in my experience, typically occur during the recruiting process (junior into senior year). In my experience a coach does a pre-read then the coach works with Admissions to confirm the pre-read. This is done to inform the coach of the student athletes chances and influences their decision to continue the recruiting process. I admit that I don’t miss the Exhausted Years … the years I had a preschooler, baby, and toddler all at once. I can’t count how many times I pushed a shopping cart with a baby seat in the cart, a toddler in the front, and preschoolers pulling on my coat. Many shoppers couldn’t resist remarking, “You’ve got your hands full.”.The book is written by philosopher and Princeton Class of 2002 graduate Jennifer M. Morton and is the first Pre-read selection by a Latinx author. The Pre-read is a Princeton tradition that introduces first-year students to the intellectual life of the University by offering opportunities to engage with a book that is made available to students ...Traductions de mot PRE-READ du anglais vers français et exemples d'utilisation de "PRE-READ" dans une phrase avec leurs traductions: pre-read the card for additional services:... Pre-Reading Stations. Introduce your next novel with learning stations. This cooperative learning activity gets students up, moving, and interested in the book they are about to read. Your students will move through five different pre-reading stations, exploring a different aspect of the text at each station. The stations topics are listed below. This Frankenstein pre-reading lesson is receptive and creative. Students think about the characteristics of modern science fiction by reading and analyzing a short story. Then they get creative in conceiving their own sci-fi premise. GIVING SCI-FI A TRY HANDOUT (PDF) Group task: Read “Super-Toys Last All Summer Long” (8 pages) by Brian Aldiss.They still need to be pre-cleared (aka every bit written to 0), but you can probably skip the pre and post read steps to save some time. The first parity drive calculates parity by adding up the same bit across all drives. Adding another 0 to 1 or 0 doesn't change the parity bit. That's why the preclear step is required.After reading another thread, I became curious about colleges offering financial pre-reads to students before they apply, and that some colleges apparently offer a pre-read including merit aid. This seems very sensible, as it would probably stop a lot of students from applying to colleges they can’t afford, while also encouraging other ...Instead of doing this, prime your audience with the Slidedoc pre-read, tell the story in the presentation, and ultimately drive the point home. When you do, your presentation will resonate that much deeper. And that, Lannon in Malvern, PA is what you should do when you’re asked to present on your pre-read. Illustrated by Alexis Macias.The Pre-read program, initiated by President Christopher L. Eisgruber in 2013, introduces incoming freshmen to Princeton’s intellectual life. Members of the incoming class join together to read and discuss a book that President Eisgruber selects and sends to freshmen prior to their arrival on campus. Freshmen then participate in Pre-read ... The pre-reading activity should generally be 2-5 minutes in duration (with informational text, it is sometimes longer than this). Here you want to provide the structure or scaffolding necessary to enable students to read the text independently. Keep this as short as possible while still providing the structure necessary for independent reading.The book is written by philosopher and Princeton Class of 2002 graduate Jennifer M. Morton and is the first Pre-read selection by a Latinx author. The Pre-read is a Princeton tradition that introduces first-year students to the intellectual life of the University by offering opportunities to engage with a book that is made available to students ...pre-: [prefix] earlier than : prior to : before. preparatory or prerequisite to. in advance : beforehand. That’s because pre-reading skills include the following: Holding the book correctly – Your child will start learning how to read simply by holding the book the right way! Let your child experiment with this skill by letting them handle the book. Turning pages in the right direction – Another pre-reading skill is turning the pages in the ... Dahl's "Lamb to the Slaughter" is a classic short story and a student favorite!This short story student workbook makes your life and the lives of your students easier. . Students love having their own little workbook and teachers have zero prep to do!This short story student workbook includes:-Author bio and quiz-Pre-reading discussion guide-Vocabulary organizer with practice exercises-Vocab ...Definition of preread in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of preread. What does preread mean? Information and translations of preread in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Jul 19, 2019 · Subject: Re:Pre-Read for Athletics timeline. quote. Anonymous. FYI: Pre-reads are associated with athletic recruits, especially @ D3. Coaches will submit athletes for an admissions pre-read to see if they can make through the academic filters without trouble. My DD has been pursuing d3 schools, but thing have been quiet in the last two weeks. This year is the 10th anniversary of Princeton’s Pre-read tradition, which introduces incoming first-year students to Princeton’s intellectual life through the experience of reading and discussing a book together. The Class of 2027’s book is How to Stand Up to a Dictator by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Maria Ressa ’86. Jan 27, 2023 · Motivation to read; Concept of print; Pre-reading strategies you can implement in your classroom. Many children will learn some pre-reading skills independently, but most benefit from direct instruction. Studies show that without explicit instruction from teachers or parents, up to 40% of children won't learn basic phonemic awareness skills. The Pre-read program, initiated by President Christopher L. Eisgruber in 2013, introduces incoming freshmen to Princeton’s intellectual life. Members of the incoming class join together to read and discuss a book that President Eisgruber selects and sends to freshmen prior to their arrival on campus. Freshmen then participate in Pre-read ...Jan 30, 2021 · Let me share my reflection on how a perfect “Pre-read” looks like, as a “heavy user” of these type of decks: - Including an executive summary of the content at the beginning is always very ... Sep 1, 2023 · Prereading definition: of or relating to the period before reading a text , book , etc | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Princeton's Pre-read is by Class of 2019 graduate Jordan Salama, whose senior thesis became a celebrated nonfiction book. President Eisgruber selects travelogue infused with ‘deep empathy’ for incoming students to read this summer. The book is based on Salama’s international research while a Princeton undergraduate.pre-+‎ read. Verb . preread (third-person singular simple present prereads, present participle prereading, simple past and past participle preread) To read in advance. Noun . preread (plural prereads) An operation in which data is read in advance of its being needed. Anagrams . redrape, rerapedThis helped me understand the needs of each child when they entered my classroom. As children move through the 5 reading stages they need to learn, practice and master multiple reading strategies. This includes using. prior knowledge. predicting. visualising. questioning. comprehension. drawing inferences.Sep 1, 2023 · Prereading definition: of or relating to the period before reading a text , book , etc | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples BENEFITS OF PRE-READING STRATEGIES Abstract This research study sought to determine if students with disabilities benefit from pre-reading strategies in reading comprehension. Reading is a fundamental skill that supports academic achievement. Using pre-reading strategies will motivate and increase student comprehension. In 2022 Pre-read. President Eisgruber's Princeton Pre-read selection for the Class of 2026 is “Every Day the River Changes: Four Weeks Down the Magdalena” by Jordan Salama, a graduate of Princeton’s Class of 2019. The book is based on Salama’s senior thesis, in which he recounts his experiences as he traveled along the Magdalena River in ... Many NESCAC coaches get pre-reads for their entire list of recruits starting July 1. The length of the list can vary dramatically by school and sport. It’s not uncommon that a coach gets 5-10 pre-reads and has two slots. Generally NESCACs have 14 slots for football, and two for every other sport, but variances occur, for a variety of reasons.Alexis Brougher. This bundle includes 2 different pre - reading activities to help students understand the background of The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien. The first activity to all about getting to know who the author is and what the inspiration for this novel is about. It can be completed individually or in groups.May 21, 2019 · Many NESCAC coaches get pre-reads for their entire list of recruits starting July 1. The length of the list can vary dramatically by school and sport. It’s not uncommon that a coach gets 5-10 pre-reads and has two slots. Generally NESCACs have 14 slots for football, and two for every other sport, but variances occur, for a variety of reasons. Feb 12, 2019 · These fundamental abilities that lead to reading later on are called pre-reading skills. The definition of pre-reading is any skill or strategy that will help students learn to read in kindergarten, and a few examples include: Phonological awareness, or the ability to distinguish sounds from one another. Listening skills.

When reading a textbook or article, try this strategy: 1. (S) urvey the assigned reading by first skimming through it. 2. then formulate (Q) uestions by turning all chapter headings and subheadings into questions to answer as you read. 3. next (R) ead the assigned section and try to answer those questions you formulated.. 929 823 6829

pre read

The classes teach you to plan the meeting/event, impose structure, send everyone a pre-read and the agenda, and account for every minute of the meeting. grow some 2010. It's something I'm passionate about, and something that's as integral to setting the tone for a novel as anything else, pre-read.The classes teach you to plan the meeting/event, impose structure, send everyone a pre-read and the agenda, and account for every minute of the meeting. grow some 2010. It's something I'm passionate about, and something that's as integral to setting the tone for a novel as anything else, pre-read.Definition and Usage. The <pre> tag defines preformatted text. Text in a <pre> element is displayed in a fixed-width font, and the text preserves both spaces and line breaks. The text will be displayed exactly as written in the HTML source code. Also look at:pre-: [prefix] earlier than : prior to : before. preparatory or prerequisite to. in advance : beforehand.2022 Pre-read. President Eisgruber's Princeton Pre-read selection for the Class of 2026 is “Every Day the River Changes: Four Weeks Down the Magdalena” by Jordan Salama, a graduate of Princeton’s Class of 2019. The book is based on Salama’s senior thesis, in which he recounts his experiences as he traveled along the Magdalena River in ...Romeo and Juliet Pre-reading Carousel Discussion Better than a worksheet! Here is a pre-reading activity designed to get your students out of their seats to move, talk, think, and write. They will travel around the classroom or in the hallway to read several posters including statements designed to generate strong agreements and disagreements ... After reading another thread, I became curious about colleges offering financial pre-reads to students before they apply, and that some colleges apparently offer a pre-read including merit aid. This seems very sensible, as it would probably stop a lot of students from applying to colleges they can’t afford, while also encouraging other ...The pre-reading activity should generally be 2-5 minutes in duration (with informational text, it is sometimes longer than this). Here you want to provide the structure or scaffolding necessary to enable students to read the text independently. Keep this as short as possible while still providing the structure necessary for independent reading. Dahl's "Lamb to the Slaughter" is a classic short story and a student favorite!This short story student workbook makes your life and the lives of your students easier. . Students love having their own little workbook and teachers have zero prep to do!This short story student workbook includes:-Author bio and quiz-Pre-reading discussion guide-Vocabulary organizer with practice exercises-Vocab ...Pre-reading is the process of skimming a text to locate key ideas before carefully reading a text (or a chapter of a text) from start to finish. Also called previewing or surveying. Pre-reading provides an overview that can increase reading speed and efficiency. pre-reading strategy also is very advantageous because it provides the students with knowledge that they will use during reading. Lastly, the think aloud pre-reading strategy is the least favorable because students do not interact with each other and the nonexistence of their own questioning affects them. Pre-reads can happen in television, film, theater, commercials, voiceover, or any other media. Early in your career, you will probably pre-read a lot, because it gives casting a chance to get to know you. That's a good thing. The vibe is usually a bit relaxed, because the stakes are lower, because you can't book the job from a pre-read.The fact that you have received a positive pre read means that you have passed the first stage. You are academically recruitable, and the coach is intrigued enough by your potential to have checked. It’s the first big step, but there are several more to go yet. Also, in the Ivy League, and if I remember correctly the NESCAC, the “pre reads ...BENEFITS OF PRE-READING STRATEGIES Abstract This research study sought to determine if students with disabilities benefit from pre-reading strategies in reading comprehension. Reading is a fundamental skill that supports academic achievement. Using pre-reading strategies will motivate and increase student comprehension. In pre-read head [TECH.] der Doppellesekopf: pre-read disturb pulse [COMP.] der Lesevorimpuls: Ergebnisse aus dem Forum. pre-read. read. read. Read. read oder have read..

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